Varieties systematization and standards status analysis of fermented Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Fermented Chinese medicine has long been used. Amid the advance for preservation of experience, the connotation of fermented Chinese medicine has been enriched and improved. However, fermented Chinese medicine prescriptions generally contain a lot of medicinals. The fermentation process is complicated and the conventional fermentation conditions fail to be strictly controlled. In addition, the judgment of the fermentation end point is highly subjective. As a result, quality of fermented Chinese medicine is of great difference among regions and unstable. At the moment, the quality standards of fermented Chinese medicine are generally outdated and different among regions, with simple quality control methods and lacking objective safe fermentation-specific evaluation indictors. It is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and control the quality of fermented medicine. These problems have aroused concern in the industry and also affected the clinical application of fermented Chinese medicine. This article summarized and analyzed the application, quality standards, and the modernization of fermentation technology and quality control methods of fermented Chinese medicine and proposed suggestions for improving the quality standards of the medicine, with a view to improving the overall quality of it.

Arsenic speciation and valence / 中国中药杂志

As arsenic widely exists in nature and has been used in the pharmaceutical preparations, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with arsenic include realgar(As_2S_2 or As_4S_4), orpiment(As_2S_3), and white arsenic(As_2O_3). Among the above representative medicine, the TCM compound formulas with realgar are utilized extensively. Just in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), there are 37 Chinese patent medicines including realgar. The traditional element analysis focuses on the detection of the total amount of elements, which neglects the study on the speciation and valence of elements. The activity, toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of arsenic in vivo are closely related to the existence of its form, and different forms of arsenic have different effects on organisms. Therefore, the study on the speciation and valence of arsenic is of great importance for arsenic-containing TCMs and their compound formulas. This paper reviewed four aspects of the speciation and valence of arsenic, including property, absorption and metabolism, toxicity, and analytical assay.

Hepatotoxic mechanism of diclofenac sodium on broiler chicken revealed by iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis

Background@#At the therapeutic doses, diclofenac sodium (DFS) has few toxic side effects on mammals. On the other hand, DFS exhibits potent toxicity against birds and the mechanisms remain ambiguous. @*Objectives@#This paper was designed to probe the toxicity of DFS exposure on the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens. @*Methods@#Twenty 30-day-old broiler chickens were randomized evenly into two groups (n = 10).DFS was administered orally at 10 mg/kg body weight in group A, while the chickens in group B were perfused with saline as a control. Histopathological observations, serum biochemical examinations, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the liver injury induced by DFS. Proteomics analysis of the liver samples was conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. @*Results@#Ultimately, 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, of which 47 were up regulated, and 154 were down regulated. The Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to screen target DEPs associated with DFS hepatotoxicity. The regulatory relationships between DEPs and signaling pathways were embodied via a protein-protein interaction network. The results showed that the DEPs enriched in multiple pathways, which might be related to the hepatotoxicity of DFS, were “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” “retinol metabolism,” and “glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.” @*Conclusions@#The hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens might be achieved by inducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes and affecting the metabolism of retinol and purine. The present study could provide molecular insights into the hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens.

Effects of brain-specific knockout of Sirt6 gene on cerebral cortex in aged mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of senescence gene silent information regulator 6 (Sirt6) knockout on the brain of aged mice.Methods:Sirt6-flox transgenic mice were constructed, and the mouse brain tissue was specifically knocked out by Emx1-Cre tool mice.According to genotyping, 11 wild-type mice were selected as control group(WT group) and 10 Sirt6 gene konckout mice were selected as conditional knockout group(cKO group). Body size and body weight of the aged mice were measured and cerebral cortex thickness was measured by HE staining.Brain neurogenesis was analyzed with EdU markers.The expression of RNA-binding protein HuR and apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.Meanwhile, histone acetylation levels in the cortex were detected.Results:Sirt6 brain tissue-specific knocked out mice were successfully constructed.Compared with the brain tissue area((2.07±0.22) cm 2)and cortical thickness ((970.56±80.91) μm) of WT mice in the 12-month-old group, the brain tissue area ((1.61±0.14)cm 2) and cortical thickness ((822.88±53.94) μm) in Sirt6 cKO group were smaller, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). EdU incorporation into nerve cells showed that the number of EdU incorporation into periventricular nerve cells in cKO group was lower ((4.75±1.48)) than that in WT group ((10.29±1.93)). The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the experiment of 17 months age group, mice in cKO group were smaller in body size, lower in body weight ((29.00±1.08) g) and smaller in brain area ((1.54±0.55)cm 2)compared with WT group in body size, body weight ((35.25±4.17) g) and brain tissue area ((1.98±0.18) cm 2)(both P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 and HuR in cortical proteins of these two age groups decreased( t=2.95, 5.38, both P<0.05), and the expression of H3K9ac and H3K56ac increased( t=3.53, 2.78, both P<0.05), but the expression of Sirt1 homologous gene remained unchanged( t=1.26, P>0.05). Conclusion:The specific deletion of Sirt6 in brain tissue can lead to the decrease of brain neurogenesis in aged mice, and the aggravation of aging and the increase of apoptosis, which may be the reason for the thinning of cerebral cortex and brain tissue atrophy.The molecular mechanism is speculated to be related to the increase of acetylation level after Sirt6 knockout

Clinical analysis on diagnosis and treatment of 116 patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnosis, surgical methods and therapeutic effect of primary duodenal malignant tumor.Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 116 patients, adenocarcinoma was in 74 cases, interstitial tumor was in 25 cases, carcinoid was in 9 cases, the others was in 8 cases. Before operation, duodenoscopy was performed in 107 cases, and CT examination was performed in 76 cases. There were 57 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, 15 cases of duodenal segmental resection, 13 cases of subtotal gastrectomy and duodenal bulbar resection, 13 cases of duodenal partial resection, and 18 cases of palliative short circuit operation. The total incidence of postoperative complication was 31.9% (37/116), including pancreatic fistula in 8 cases (grade B 5 cases, grade C 3 cases), biliary fistula in 6 cases, abdominal infection in 5 cases, pulmonary infection in 4 cases, intestinal fistula in 3 cases, delayed gastric emptying in 3 cases, and hemorrhage in 8 cases. Four cases (3.4%) died during the perioperative period. Single factor Cox regression analysis result showed that the postoperative survival time was related to the tumor differentiation degree, operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis ( P<0.05 or <0.01); multi-factor Cox regression analysis results showed that the operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis were the independent risk factors for the postoperative survival time of patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor ( P<0.05). The patients were followed up until June 2021, and 9 cases were lost to follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the postoperative overall 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.11%, 57.56% and 33.11%, respectively. Conclusions:Adenocarcinoma is the main primary malignant tumor of duodenum. Duodenoscopy and CT are the main examination methods. Radical resection is the most effective treatment for primary duodenal malignant tumor, and pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first choice. Surgical method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients.

Integrating Physical Activity into School-based Eye Health Services: A Policy and Development Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the theories, content and approaches of integrating physical activity in children's eye health service system in the context of health services. Methods From the perspectives of six building blocks of WHO health system, namely, leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service delivery, medical technology, and health information system, we analyzed the policy framework and key contents related to school-based eye health and physical activity, and explored how to promote the implementation of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system, and the integration of physical activity into the eye health continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Results In perspective of health system, the integration of physical activity into school-based eye health services should be in accordance with the five principles of cross-cutting health services, namely, universal accessibility and equity, human rights, evidence-based, life-span, and empowerment. According to the World Vision Report, WHO advocates to build a person-centered eye health service system, and person-centeredness is the core concept of the new model of school-based eye health services and physical activity integration. WHO advocates a school-based approach to education and physical activity in health-promoting schools to promote student health, physical activity as a preventive, interventional, rehabilitation and health promotive measure related to children's eye health, and vigorously train professionals within schools who have knowledge and skills related to physical activity and eye health, build an information system on physical activity and children's eye health, and promote the integration of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system. Conclusion Physical activity is an important measure to promote children's eye health and an important component to achieve a person-centered eye health service system. Based on the six building blocks of the WHO health service system, a school-based eye health service that integrates a theoretical and methodological system of physical activity is constructed, requiring the provision of health promotion methods such as education and physical activity in the school setting, to enhance leadership and governance of eye health services based on educational and physical activity approaches in the school setting, establish new funding mechanisms, provide financial security, develop human resources related to physical activity for eye health, improve related service delivery systems, develop high-quality physical activity intervention eye health techniques and equipment, and integrate information on children's physical activity and eye health into school health information systems to achieve children's eye health and promote their physical and mental development.

Framework and Contents of International Policies of Inclusive Physical Activity to School Health / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically analyze the framework and core content of physical activity inclusive school health policies. Methods This study conducted systematic content analysis of key messages of WHO key documents related to physical activity and school health services, and constructed policy and research framework. WHO's key policy documents in the field of school health included: Making Every School a Health-Promoting School Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and the Global Criteria and Indicators for Making Every School a Health-Promoting School, and the key documents in the field of physical activity mainly include Global Action Plan for Physical Activity Promotion 2018-2030: Strengthening Physical Activity for a Healthy World, and WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (Children and adolescents). Results Physical activity, as a health strategy and development strategy, is one of the most important tools for achieving health-promoting schools. In the area of health and education, the key to building health-promoting schools is to focus on child functioning and development, with the goal of promoting healthy inclusion and equity in schools. In the school setting, physical activity for children and adolescents is integrated into the school health service continuum with a focus on health promotion. At the macro level, the state and relevant authorities should establish a strategic structure and strategic planning for the integration of physical activity into the school health service system. At the meso level, educational institutions should develop and improve school health service policies and programs, and improve school health service tools based on the requirements of WHO school health service guidelines. Child health services are achieved through the provision of high-quality physical education programs and after-school physical activities. At the micro level, guided by global standards for building health-promoting schools, physical activity is promoted in the form of lessons and activities for healthy child development. Integrating physical activity into the school health service system can be done in six areas: school health leadership and governance, school infrastructure funding, school health service delivery that supports physical activity, human resources for school health, school health-related medicine and technology, and school health information system. We need to implement health-promoting school policies, strengthen multi-level school leadership and governance, raise the necessary funds to develop human resources adapted to the construction of health-promoting schools and build programs to support physical activity. Conclusion School health service is an important area for promoting children's health and achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and physical activity is an important strategy of school health services. Policy documents issued by WHO construct the integration of physical activity into the policy framework of the school health service system, of which the core component is to integrate physical activity into the health-promoting school with educational and physical activity approaches. According to the WHO six building blocks of health service system, the integration of physical activity into the school health requires strengthening school health leadership and governance, improving school infrastructure financing, developing school health human resources, developing school-based health-related medical technologies, and establishing a health information system for sharing student health data.

Integrating Physical Activity into School-based Eye Health Services: A Policy and Development Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the theories, content and approaches of integrating physical activity in children's eye health service system in the context of health services. Methods From the perspectives of six building blocks of WHO health system, namely, leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service delivery, medical technology, and health information system, we analyzed the policy framework and key contents related to school-based eye health and physical activity, and explored how to promote the implementation of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system, and the integration of physical activity into the eye health continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Results In perspective of health system, the integration of physical activity into school-based eye health services should be in accordance with the five principles of cross-cutting health services, namely, universal accessibility and equity, human rights, evidence-based, life-span, and empowerment. According to the World Vision Report, WHO advocates to build a person-centered eye health service system, and person-centeredness is the core concept of the new model of school-based eye health services and physical activity integration. WHO advocates a school-based approach to education and physical activity in health-promoting schools to promote student health, physical activity as a preventive, interventional, rehabilitation and health promotive measure related to children's eye health, and vigorously train professionals within schools who have knowledge and skills related to physical activity and eye health, build an information system on physical activity and children's eye health, and promote the integration of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system. Conclusion Physical activity is an important measure to promote children's eye health and an important component to achieve a person-centered eye health service system. Based on the six building blocks of the WHO health service system, a school-based eye health service that integrates a theoretical and methodological system of physical activity is constructed, requiring the provision of health promotion methods such as education and physical activity in the school setting, to enhance leadership and governance of eye health services based on educational and physical activity approaches in the school setting, establish new funding mechanisms, provide financial security, develop human resources related to physical activity for eye health, improve related service delivery systems, develop high-quality physical activity intervention eye health techniques and equipment, and integrate information on children's physical activity and eye health into school health information systems to achieve children's eye health and promote their physical and mental development.

Framework and Contents of International Policies of Inclusive Physical Activity to School Health / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To systematically analyze the framework and core content of physical activity inclusive school health policies. Methods This study conducted systematic content analysis of key messages of WHO key documents related to physical activity and school health services, and constructed policy and research framework. WHO's key policy documents in the field of school health included: Making Every School a Health-Promoting School Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and the Global Criteria and Indicators for Making Every School a Health-Promoting School, and the key documents in the field of physical activity mainly include Global Action Plan for Physical Activity Promotion 2018-2030: Strengthening Physical Activity for a Healthy World, and WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (Children and adolescents). Results Physical activity, as a health strategy and development strategy, is one of the most important tools for achieving health-promoting schools. In the area of health and education, the key to building health-promoting schools is to focus on child functioning and development, with the goal of promoting healthy inclusion and equity in schools. In the school setting, physical activity for children and adolescents is integrated into the school health service continuum with a focus on health promotion. At the macro level, the state and relevant authorities should establish a strategic structure and strategic planning for the integration of physical activity into the school health service system. At the meso level, educational institutions should develop and improve school health service policies and programs, and improve school health service tools based on the requirements of WHO school health service guidelines. Child health services are achieved through the provision of high-quality physical education programs and after-school physical activities. At the micro level, guided by global standards for building health-promoting schools, physical activity is promoted in the form of lessons and activities for healthy child development. Integrating physical activity into the school health service system can be done in six areas: school health leadership and governance, school infrastructure funding, school health service delivery that supports physical activity, human resources for school health, school health-related medicine and technology, and school health information system. We need to implement health-promoting school policies, strengthen multi-level school leadership and governance, raise the necessary funds to develop human resources adapted to the construction of health-promoting schools and build programs to support physical activity. Conclusion School health service is an important area for promoting children's health and achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and physical activity is an important strategy of school health services. Policy documents issued by WHO construct the integration of physical activity into the policy framework of the school health service system, of which the core component is to integrate physical activity into the health-promoting school with educational and physical activity approaches. According to the WHO six building blocks of health service system, the integration of physical activity into the school health requires strengthening school health leadership and governance, improving school infrastructure financing, developing school health human resources, developing school-based health-related medical technologies, and establishing a health information system for sharing student health data.

Herbal Textual Research of Poria in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This review made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the origin， producing areas and quality， harvest time and processing methods， and cultivation technique of Poria in famous classical formulas from the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas （the First Batch） by referring to the literature of ancient materia medica and medical books combining with the modern literature in CNKI， Wanfang Data and other databases， which could provide reference for the development and research of the famous classical formulas containing Poria. According to the research， the origin of Poria in ancient times was the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos. The producing area of Poria is widely distributed in China， mainly produced in Anhui， Hubei， Henan and Yunnan provinces. The quality of Poria from Yunnan is better， and the yield is larger in Anhui and Hubei provinces. The quality evaluation of Poria is basically the same from ancient to modern， which has the characteristics of large block， heavy weight， thin and wrinkled skin， and white and delicate cross section. The harvesting period of Poria is usually in August of the lunar calendar. The initial processing has undergone the evolution from drying in shade in the ancient time to drying in shade after sweating in the modern time. From ancient times to the present， Poria has been processed by cutting to prepare the Fuling lumps and Fuling slices. The cultivation technique has experienced the evolution process of "wild Poria-inoculation of live pine root-basswood cultured". At present， Poria is mainly cultivated by artificial basswood with mature technical methods and abundant yields， which can meet the research and development needs of the famous classical formulas.

Research progress in the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated formation of foamy macrophages / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Foamy macrophages (FM), also known as foam-like macrophages, refer to lipid-laden monocytes or macrophages. FM are a kind of inflammatory cells that are rich in lipid droplets in cytoplasm. In the diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), such as granuloma and tuberculous wounds, FM can not only inhibit the immune response, but also affect the prognosis and outcomes. The formation mechanisms of FM caused by Mtb infection have some specificity, which may be an important factor for its long-term survival in cells and influences on disease prognosis and outcomes. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of Mtb-mediated formation of FM is conductive to further reveal the pathological evolution of diseases and provide new ideas for further precise treatment. This article reviewed the mechanisms of Mtb-mediated formation of FM in recent years.

A New Generation of Radiotherapy Technology-Flash Radiotherapy / 中国医疗器械杂志

Flash radiotherapy is a kind of radiotherapy method using ultra-high dose rate radiation. Compared with the traditional dose rate radiotherapy, it has unique radiobiological advantages. In this paper, the principle of flash radiotherapy, the process and results of biological experiments are summarized. At the same time, the advantages and challenges of flash radiotherapy are analyzed, and the future clinical application is prospected.

Research advances in interaction between il-4 and il-13, and m2 alveolar macrophages in pulmonary fibrosis / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Type-2 helper T cells (Th2) are a group of cells differentiated from CD4∗ T cells after antigen stimulation. lnterleukin-4(IL-4) and IL-13 secreted by Th2 cells act on macrophages and acti-vate them into M2 macrophages via "alternative activation". When lung tissue is continuously stimulated by the antigen, the alveolar and interstitial macrophages are activated by IL-4 and IL-13 secreted by Th2 cells to form M2 type alveolar macrophages, thereby participating in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The process shows that M2 alveolar macrophages play an important role in PF. In this review, we investigated the role of cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 in PF, the anti-inflammatory and profibrotic effects of M2 alveolar macrophages, the role of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors in the treatment of PF and the dual role of M2 alveolar macrophages activated by IL-4 and IL-13 in PF. Hoping to spark novel ideas for the study of anti-PF drugs.

Effect of PEG400 Concentration in Receiving Solution on Drug Transdermal Test in Vitro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG)400 in receiving solution on in vitro transdermal test of drugs. Method: 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) was selected as a model drug,by preparing different concentrations of PEG400-phosphate buffer solution(PBS) as the receiving solution,the receiving chamber did not add drug,the excised rat skins were treated with various additives for 12 h,then replaced by PBS and added the saturated model drug into the donor compartment to determine the transdermal parameters of the drug.Meanwhile,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was employed to monitor the effect of PEG400 with different concentration on the stratum corneum of rat skin. Result: The 10%,15% and 40% PEG400-PBS groups had no significant effect on in vitro transdermal absorption parameters of the 5-FU.The steady transdermal rate and cumulative penetration rate of the drug in 20% and 30% PEG400-PBS groups were significantly higher than that in the PBS group(PPConclusion: In the rat skin transdermal test,the concentration of PEG400 in receiving solution should be controlled below 20%.

Dynamic changes of lung function in mice with pulmonary fibrosis / 医学研究生学报

Objective　Pulmonary function testing is a commonly used indicator for clinical evaluation of the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in patients. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic changes of lung function in mice with pulmonary fibrosis and to establish a range of reference values for lung function parameters in normal Kunming mice.　Methods　Twenty-eight SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group (n=14) and model group (n=14). After anesthesia with 10% chloral hydrate, the normal control group only underwent tracheal puncture. The model group received intratracheal puncture and injection of bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg body weight), and the lung function indicators of all mice were detected in the same order on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weekends after modeling: Ti, Te, PIF, PEF, TV, EV, RT, MV, f, Penh and EF50.　Results　After intratracheal BLM injection, mice in the model group showed decreased hair softness and smoothness, hair loss and decreased activity after the 2nd week. Compared with the control group, Ti, Te and RT values in the model group significantly increased at week 4 (P<0.05), while the values of PEF, RT, MV, f and EF50 decreased significantly at the same week (P<0.05). Compared with the model group at week 1, the differences in Ti, Te, RT and f values at week 2, 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05); the differences in MV and EF50 values at week 3 and 4 were statistically significant (P<0.05); while the PIF values only showed differences at week 4 (P<0.001). Compared with the Penh values in the control group at week 2, 3 and 4 (0.553±0.189, 0.662±0.164, 0.712±0.189), the differences of the model group (0.820±0.205, 0.936±0.188, 1.053±0.236) showed statistical significance (P<0.001). Compared with the model group at week 1, the differences of Penh values in the model group only showed statistical significance at week 3 and 4 (P<0.05). Through four-week lung function test, various parameters were obtained, among which the normal range of the main index Penh value was 0.27-0.88.　Conclusion　The lung function detected by the non-invasive whole body plethysmography system was stable and reliable with good effects; the lung function in mice with the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis continued to decrease within four weeks. Penh, which reflects airway resistance, can be used for overall screening of the lung function among the test mice after two weeks of modeling.

Analysis and consideration based on first classical prescriptions / 中国中药杂志

Classical prescriptions are precious wealth left by ancient Chinese medical scientists. Moreover,they are also the important part of the treasure-house in Chinese medicine. Classical prescriptions have a long and rich history for human-use in China and play an important role in keeping people healthy. The state administration of traditional medicine of China published the Catalogue of Classical Prescriptions(first batch) in 2018. This measure has inspired the enthusiasm of Chinese medicine manufacturers to study ancient classical prescriptions and develop classical compound prescriptions. Based on the first batch of classical prescriptions, the dosage forms, sources, prescription components, decocting degree, use of toxic drugs and processing methods of classical prescriptions. The results showed that most of the classical prescriptions in the first batch were decoction and boiled powder,while only four of them were powder and paste forms,all of which were originated from representative classics in the past dynasties. The dosage and decocting degree of decoction were greater than those of boiled powder. The dosage and decocting degree of decoction in Han and Tang Dynasties was close to that in Ming and Qing Dynasties,higher than that in Song and Jin Dynasties. Moreover,the average number of herbs in the prescriptions in Han Dynasty was the smallest. The use of toxic traditional Chinese medicine was the most frequent in Han Dynasty, and Pinellia ternata was the most common toxic medicine. There were various processing methods, including cleansing, cutting, stir-frying, roasting and so on. In this paper, the dosage forms of traditional paste, the time concept of decoction in the ancient times, the traditional roasting method and the processing method of toxic drugs were summarized to provide ideas and reference for further development of classical prescriptions.

Effects of Physical Activities with Visual Tasks on Kinetic and Static Visual Acuity in Children / 中国康复理论与实践

Objectives To explore the effects of visual tasks added in physical activities on kinetic and static visual acuity for 6-9 years old children.Methods Children's visual function and seeing activity were analyzed and four kinds of physical activities with visual tasks were designed. From June to August, 2018, 38 pupils from a sports summer camp aged 6 to 9 years with normal vision participated in the eight-week training. Their kinetic and static visual acuity was measured before, four weeks, and eight weeks after training.Results Both kinetic and static visual acuity improved after training (F＞ 24.368, P ＜ 0.001), and the binocular static visual acuity improved more in the boys than in the girls (t＞ 2.161, P ＜ 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation among kinetic and static visual acuity (r＞ 0.424, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Physical activities with visual tasks are beneficial for kinetic and static visual acuity for children aged 6-9 years, which may be an approach to promote vision health.

Pathogenic genes and clinical therapeutic strategies for Treacher Collins syndrome / 华西口腔医学杂志

Treacher Collins syndrome is a congenital craniofacial malformation with autosomal dominant inheritance as the main genetic pattern. In this condition, the biosynthesis of ribosomes in neural crest cells and neuroepithelial cells is blocked and the number of neural crest cells that migrate to the craniofacial region decreases, causing first and second branchial arch dysplasia. Definite causative genes include treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1 (tcof1), RNA polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ subunit C (polr1c), and RNA polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ subunit D (polr1d). This paper provides a review of research of three major patho-genic genes, pathogenesis, phenotypic research, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

Study on Ambi-extracting and Inclusion Process of Volatile Oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

Long-term therapeutic effect of new triple antiplatelet therapy on patients with ACS complicated diabe-tes mellitus after drug-eluting stenting / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore long-term therapeutic effect of new triple antiplatelet therapy on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated diabetes mellitus (DM) after drug-eluting stenting .Methods :Data of 245 ACS + DM patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital were collected .According postoperative therapeutic plan ,they were divided into dual antiplatelet group (n＝124 ,received aspirin combined clopidogrel) and triple antiplatelet group (n＝ 121 ,received aspirin ,clopidogrel combined cilostazol).Long-term therapeutic effect was compared between two groups after one year .Results :After one year ,incidence rate of ma-jor adverse cardiovascular events in triple antiplatelet group was significantly lower than that of dual antiplatelet group (8.3% vs.17.7%,P＝0.028).There were no significant difference in incidence rates of in-stent restenosis and adverse reactions between two groups (P＞ 0.05 both) ,and no severe hemorrhage events were found in two groups.Conclusion : Triple antiplatelet therapy of aspirin ,clopidogrel and cilostazol can significantly reduce inci-dence rate of MACE in ACS + DM patients after drug-eluting stenting .Compared with dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel ,it doesn't increase incidence rate of adverse drug reactions ,which is worth extending .